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  1. Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs), a large group of adhesion molecules, are important for axonal projections and dendritic spread, but little is known about how they influence neuronal activity. The Pcdhβ clust...

    Authors: Hirotaka Asai, Noriaki Ohkawa, Yoshito Saitoh, Khaled Ghandour, Emi Murayama, Hirofumi Nishizono, Mina Matsuo, Teruyoshi Hirayama, Ryosuke Kaneko, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Takeshi Yagi and Kaoru Inokuchi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:7

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  3. Neurotropic viral transsynaptic tracing is an increasingly powerful technique for dissecting the structure and function of neural circuits. Herpes simplex virus type 1 strain H129 has been widely used as an an...

    Authors: Peng Su, Min Ying, Zengpeng Han, Jinjin Xia, Sen Jin, Yingli Li, Huadong Wang and Fuqiang Xu

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:5

    Content type: Methodology

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  4. While chronic restraint stress (CRS) results in depression-like behaviors possibly through oxidative stress in the brain, its molecular etiology and the development of therapeutic strategies remain elusive. Si...

    Authors: Ji Hyeon Kim, Ahbin Kim, Yejin Yun, Seoyoung Park, Jung Hoon Lee, Yong-Seok Lee and Min Jae Lee

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:4

    Content type: Micro report

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  5. The cellular consequences of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) stimulation depend on the receptors’ subcellular localization. Synaptic NMDARs promote plasticity and survival whereas extrasynaptic NMDARs me...

    Authors: Carlos Bas-Orth, Mirja Koch, David Lau, Bettina Buchthal and Hilmar Bading

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:3

    Content type: Research

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  6. ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs) are a family of small GTPases composed of six members (ARF1–6) that control various cellular functions, including membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, in e...

    Authors: Hyeonho Kim, Hyeji Jung, Hyunsu Jung, Seok-Kyu Kwon, Jaewon Ko and Ji Won Um

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:2

    Content type: Research

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  8. Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 16 (USP16) has been reported to contribute to somatic stem-cell defects in Down syndrome. However, how this gene being regulated is largely unknown. To study the mechanism underlying

    Authors: Shou Yang, Juelu Wang, Shipeng Guo, Daochao Huang, Isabel Bestard Lorigados, Xing Nie, Dandan Lou, Yanhua Li, Mingjing Liu, Yu Kang, Weihui Zhou and Weihong Song

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:120

    Content type: Research

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  9. Adult fish produce new cells throughout their central nervous system during the course of their lives and maintain a tremendous capacity to repair damaged neural tissue. Much of the focus on understanding brai...

    Authors: Eleanor C. Bisese, Chandler M. Ciuba, Amelia L. Davidson, Akanksha Kaushik, Sabrina M. Mullen, Jeremy L. Barth, E. Starr Hazard, Robert C. Wilson, Gary Hardiman and David M. Hollis

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:119

    Content type: Micro report

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  10. Chronic corticosterone (CORT) stress is an anxiety and depression inducing factor that involves the dysfunction of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuronal plasticit...

    Authors: Qin Gong, Xiao-Jin Yan, Fan Lei, Mu-Lan Wang, Lu-Ling He, Ying-Ying Luo, Hong-Wei Gao, Yu-Lin Feng, Shi-Lin Yang, Jun Li and Li-Jun Du

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:118

    Content type: Research

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  11. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that patients with Diabetic Neuropathy Pain (DNP) present with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) serum concentration, whereas studies with diabetic anima...

    Authors: Flávio Henrique Pequeno de Macedo, Rosária Dias Aires, Esdras Guedes Fonseca, Renata Cristina Mendes Ferreira, Daniel Portela Dias Machado, Lina Chen, Fang-Xiong Zhang, Ivana A. Souza, Virgínia Soares Lemos, Thiago Roberto Lima Romero, Aubin Moutal, Rajesh Khanna, Gerald W. Zamponi and Jader S. Cruz

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:117

    Content type: Short report

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  13. Transcription factor RelB is a member of the nuclear factror-kappa B (NF-κB) family, which plays a crucial role in mediating immune responses. Plenty of studies have demonstrated that RelB actively contributes...

    Authors: Meng-ge Yang, Li Sun, Jinming Han, Chao Zheng, Hudong Liang, Jie Zhu and Tao Jin

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:115

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  16. An impaired biological response to insulin in the brain, known as central insulin resistance, was identified during stroke and traumatic brain injury, for which glutamate excitotoxicity is a common pathogenic ...

    Authors: Igor Pomytkin, Irina Krasil’nikova, Zanda Bakaeva, Alexander Surin and Vsevolod Pinelis

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:112

    Content type: Micro report

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  17. Exposure to moderate level of stress during the perinatal period helps the organisms to cope well with stressful events in their later life, an effect known as stress inoculation. Amygdala is one of the kernel...

    Authors: Xia Qin, Ye He, Na Wang, Jia-Xin Zou, Yong-Mei Zhang, Jun-Li Cao, Bing-Xing Pan and Wen-Hua Zhang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:111

    Content type: Research

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  18. Gene expression profiling across various brain areas at the single-cell resolution enables the identification of molecular markers of neuronal subpopulations and comprehensive characterization of their functio...

    Authors: Hyun Jin Kim, Minhyung Kim, Byeongsoo Kang, Soyeon Yun, Shin Eun Ryeo, Daehee Hwang and Joung-Hun Kim

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:110

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  19. The topographic projection of afferent terminals into two-dimensional maps is essential for sensory systems to encode the locations of sensory stimuli. In vertebrates, guidance cues are critical for establishi...

    Authors: Ruonan Li, Yuhua Liang, Siyang Zheng, Qun He and Limin Yang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:109

    Content type: Research

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  20. It is agreed upon that adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) occurs in the dentate gyrus (DG) in rodents. However, the existence of AHN in humans, particularly in elderly individuals, remains to be determined. ...

    Authors: Hideo Hagihara, Tomoyuki Murano, Koji Ohira, Miki Miwa, Katsuki Nakamura and Tsuyoshi Miyakawa

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:108

    Content type: Review

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  21. Bipolar disorder is a major mental illness characterized by severe swings in mood and activity levels which occur with variable amplitude and frequency. Attempts have been made to identify mood states and biol...

    Authors: Hideo Hagihara, Tomoyasu Horikawa, Yasuhiro Irino, Hironori K. Nakamura, Juzoh Umemori, Hirotaka Shoji, Masaru Yoshida, Yukiyasu Kamitani and Tsuyoshi Miyakawa

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:107

    Content type: Research

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  22. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Due to the increase in population and longevity, incidence will triple by the middle of the twenty-first century. So far, no treatme...

    Authors: Yingshuo Xu, Guiran Xiao, Li Liu and Minglin Lang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:106

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  23. Peripheral nerve injury can lead to remodeling of brain circuits, and this can cause chronification of pain. We have recently reported that male mice subjected to spared injury of the sciatic nerve undergo cha...

    Authors: Vinicius M. Gadotti, Zizhen Zhang, Junting Huang and Gerald W. Zamponi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:105

    Content type: Micro report

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  25. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative motor neuron disease that has been linked to defective DNA repair. Many familial ALS patients harbor autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding the ...

    Authors: Haibo Wang, Suganya Rangaswamy, Manohar Kodavati, Joy Mitra, Wenting Guo, Erika N. Guerrero, Ludo Van Den Bosch and Muralidhar L. Hegde

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:103

    Content type: Micro report

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  26. This study aimed to evaluate the specific regulatory roles of microRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and explore the related regulatory mechanisms. A rat model of TLE was established by int...

    Authors: Hui Huang, Guiyun Cui, Hai Tang, Lingwen Kong, Xiaopeng Wang, Chenchen Cui, Qihua Xiao and Huiming Ji

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:102

    Content type: Research

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  27. Schwann cells experience de-differentiation, proliferation, migration, re-differentiation and myelination, and participate in the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. Our previous sequencing a...

    Authors: Hongkui Wang, Ping Zhang, Jun Yu, Fuchao Zhang, Wenzhao Dai and Sheng Yi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:101

    Content type: Research

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  29. FKBP5 encodes the FK506 binding protein 5, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding protein known to play an important role in the physiological stress response. However, results from previous studies examining the...

    Authors: Joonhong Kwon, Yeong Jae Kim, Koeul Choi, Sihwan Seol and Hyo Jung Kang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:99

    Content type: Micro report

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  30. We have examined the regulation of mutually exclusive Cav2.2 exon 37a and b variants by the mouse μ-opioid receptor (mMOR) C-terminal splice variants 1, 1C and 1O in tsA-201 cells. Electrophysiological analyse...

    Authors: Maria A. Gandini, Ivana A. Souza, Dvij Raval, Jin Xu, Ying-Xian Pan and Gerald W. Zamponi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:98

    Content type: Short report

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  31. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is a pivotal postsynaptic scaffolding protein in excitatory neurons. Although the transport and regulation of PSD-95 in synaptic regions is well understood, dendritic t...

    Authors: Ki-Seo Yoo, Kina Lee, Jun-Young Oh, Hyoeun Lee, Hyungju Park, Young Seok Park and Hyong Kyu Kim

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:97

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  33. Mutations in protocadherin 19 (PCDH19), which is on the X-chromosome, cause the brain disease Epilepsy in Females with Mental Retardation (EFMR). EFMR is also often associated with autism-like symptoms. In mice a...

    Authors: Jisoo Lim, Jiin Ryu, Shinwon Kang, Hyun Jong Noh and Chul Hoon Kim

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:95

    Content type: Micro report

    Published on:

  34. Grb2-associated regulator of Erk/MAPK (GAREM), is an adaptor protein related to the several cell growth factor receptor-signaling. The GAREM family has two subtypes, GAREM1 and GAREM2, both encoded in the huma...

    Authors: Tasuku Nishino, Kota Tamada, Akane Maeda, Takaya Abe, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Kozo Kaibuchi, Toru Takumi and Hiroaki Konishi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:94

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  35. The growth cone is a specialized structure that forms at the tip of extending axons in developing and regenerating neurons. This structure is essential for accurate synaptogenesis at developmental stages, and ...

    Authors: Yuya Ishikawa, Masayasu Okada, Atsuko Honda, Yasuyuki Ito, Atsushi Tamada, Naoto Endo and Michihiro Igarashi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:93

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. We report the identification of a de novo GABRA1 (R214C) variant in a child with epileptic encephalopathy (EE), describe its functional characterization and pathophysiology, and evaluate its potential therapeutic...

    Authors: Yun-Fei Bai, Michelle Chiu, Elizabeth S. Chan, Peter Axerio-Cilies, Jie Lu, Linda Huh, Mary B. Connolly, Ilaria Guella, Matthew J. Farrer, Zhi-Qing David Xu, Lidong Liu, Michelle Demos and Yu Tian Wang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:92

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2020 13:50

  37. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders without a unique or definite underlying pathogenesis. Although savant syndrome is common in ASD, few models are a...

    Authors: Jinjing Song, Xiujuan Yang, Ying Zhou, Lei Chen, Xu Zhang, Zhuxi Liu, Weibo Niu, Nengpeng Zhan, Xuelian Fan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Yifang Kuang, Lulu Song, Guang He and Weidong Li

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:91

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  38. The hippocampus has been known to process temporal information as part of memory formation. While time cells have been observed in the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex, a number of the behavioral tasks...

    Authors: William D. Marks, Hisayuki Osanai, Jun Yamamoto, Sachie K. Ogawa and Takashi Kitamura

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:90

    Content type: Micro report

    Published on:

  40. Increasing evidence suggests there is a relationship between cognitive impairment and metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes is a chronic disease, and metabolic factors affecting brain metabolisms, such as serum gluc...

    Authors: Young-Suk Choi, Jae Eun Song, Jong Eun Lee, Eosu Kim, Chul Hoon Kim, Dong-Hyun Kim and Ho-Taek Song

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:88

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. Parkinson’s disease (PD), classically defined as a progressive motor disorder accompanied with dopaminergic neuron loss and presence of Lewy bodies, is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. PD also...

    Authors: Milos Stanojlovic, Jean Pierre Pallais, Michael K. Lee and Catherine M. Kotz

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:87

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. Two paternally-inherited missense variants in CACNA1H were identified and characterized in a 6-year-old child with generalized epilepsy. Febrile and unprovoked seizures were present in this child. Both variants w...

    Authors: Ivana A. Souza, Maria A. Gandini, Fang-Xiong Zhang, Wendy G. Mitchell, Joyce Matsumoto, Jason Lerner, Tyler Mark Pierson and Gerald W. Zamponi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:86

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  45. The Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI; CD64) is the high-affinity receptor of the immunoglobulin G protein (IgG). It is usually expressed in immune cells and has recently been identified to distribute in the nervous ...

    Authors: Yingxia Liang, Zhiyu Zhang, Zhaodong Juan, Rui Zhang and Can Zhang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:83

    Content type: Micro report

    Published on:

  46. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Owing to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis, ASD without intellectual ...

    Authors: Masatoshi Nakata, Ryo Kimura, Yasuko Funabiki, Tomonari Awaya, Toshiya Murai and Masatoshi Hagiwara

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:82

    Content type: Micro report

    Published on:

  47. Presynaptic CaV2.2 channels control calcium entry that triggers neurotransmitter release at both central and peripheral synapses. The Cacna1b gene encodes the α1-pore forming subunit of CaV2.2 channels. Distinct ...

    Authors: Alexandra Bunda, Brianna LaCarubba, Melanie Bertolino, Marie Akiki, Kevin Bath, Javier Lopez-Soto, Diane Lipscombe and Arturo Andrade

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:81

    Content type: Research

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  48. Selective attention modulates sensory cortical activity. It remains unclear how auditory cortical activity represents stimuli that differ behaviorally. We designed a cross-modality task in which mice made deci...

    Authors: Pan-tong Yao, Jia Shen, Liang Chen, Shaoyu Ge and Qiaojie Xiong

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:80

    Content type: Research

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  49. Morphine tolerance developed after repeated or continuous morphine treatment is a global health concern hindering the control of chronic pain. In our previous research, we have reported that the expression of ...

    Authors: Yingqi Weng, Jing Wu, Lin Li, Jiali Shao, Zhengyiqi Li, Meiling Deng and Wangyuan Zou

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:79

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of iron-dependent regulated cell death, has been implicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI). MiR-212-5p has previously been reported to be downregulated in extracellular ve...

    Authors: Xiao Xiao, Youjing Jiang, Weibo Liang, Yanyun Wang, Shuqiang Cao, He Yan, Linbo Gao and Lin Zhang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2019 12:78

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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